BLOGS
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 2020
A group of more than 500 academicians, scientists and researchers from various educational institutes in India wrote a open letter to the ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change listing their concerns about the 2020 Environmental Impact Assessment Project.
- Signatories are from over 130 research institutes and universities, including the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Indian Institutes of Education and Scientific Research (IISER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), National Center for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Indian Institute of Wildlife (WII).
- The letter notes that the draft notification, in its current form, is likely to seriously threaten to ecological and environmental security of the country.
- They adds that “the draft notification does not adhere to the fundamental objectives of its original legislation, the 1986 Environmental Protection Act, nor is it aligned with our country’s commitments under various agreements and international conventions “.
- They write that while many submitted their comments on time, the limited circulation and unavailability in most Indian languages hampered inclusive public participation.
- The signatories strongly urge the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change to withdraw this project and instead strengthen the impact assessment note on the environment of 2006 with a new proposal.
The story to date
- The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF & CC) published the draft opinion 2020 on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), in the intention to replace the existing EIA Notice, 2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
- The government wants to incorporate the changes in regulations with amendments in the meantime.
- An EIA makes a scientific estimate of the potential impacts of a project, such as a mine, an irrigation dam, an industrial unit or a waste treatment plant.
- The regulation also contains a provision for public consultation, including a public hearing during which the local community and interested persons can give opinions and raise objections, on the basis of the draft EIA report prepared by experts for the project.
How is the EIA notification draft different from the one currently in effect?
- Among the main deviations from the existing regulations is the withdrawal of various activities from the scope of public consultation. A list of projects has been included in category B2, expressly exempt from the requirement of an EIA (article 13, paragraph 11).
- Projects in this category include offshore and onshore oil, gas and shale exploration, hydroelectric projects up to 25 MW, irrigation projects between 2,000 and 10,000 hectares of control area, small mineral enhancement units, and medium and small smelters involving kiln units, certain categories of rolling mills, small and medium-sized cement factories, small clinker milling units, non-phosphoric or ammoniacal acids, sulfuric acid, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MIPYMES) in intermediate dyeing and dyeing products , bulk drugs, synthetic rubbers, medium-size paint units, all inland waterway projects, widening or widening of roads between 25 km and 100 km with defined parameters, cable cars in environmentally sensitive areas, and specific construction and development projects of buildings.
- Projects on this list are identified, according to existing standards, based on prior review by expert committees, rather than being programmatically exempted.
- Additionally, coal and non-coal mineral exploration projects and photovoltaic solar energy projects do not require prior environmental authorization or authorization in the new system.
What are apprehensions?
- There is concern that the EIA exemption and public consultation for activities listed in category B2 and expansion and modernization projects will seriously affect the environment, as these will be carried out without supervision.
- Combined with a new provision for post-facto environmental clearance (projects carried out without prior approval), this would further weaken protections.
- Additionally, the notice period for the public hearing has been reduced from 30 to 20 days. This will make it difficult to study the draft EIA report, especially when it is not widely available or provided in the regional language.
- Likewise, for the modernization and expansion of projects, the 2020 Notification standards are liberal, only those that involve an increase of more than 25% require EIA and more than 50% attract public consultation.
- According to the proposed changes, project proponents must submit only one annual report of compliance with conditions, of the two existing ones.
- This development is considered retrograde, as the CAG found in 2016 that the deficit in semi-annual compliance reports was between 43% and 78%, while non-compliance ranged between 5% and 57%.
- Non-conformities were found, in particular, in hydroelectric river and valley projects and thermal energy projects. After the gas leak at LG Polymers in Visakhapatnam on May 7, the Department of the Environment told the National Green Court that the unit did not have an environmental authorization, revealing the low effectiveness of the rules.
How would the new rules allow ex post authorization of infractions?
- The MoEF & CC cites its own order of March 14, 2017 allowing the evaluation of projects involving violations – where construction had started or expansion or modernization was carried out without authorization – and an order from the Jharkhand High Court requesting the examination of a case on the merits, independently of the criminal action for violation, to introduce a system beneficial to offenders.
- The EIA 2020 notification excludes public notification of violations and non-compliance. Instead, the government will only see reports from the offender-developer, the government authority, the evaluation committee, or the regulatory authority.
- Then, such projects can be approved with conditions, including the repair of ecological damage, which, again, will be evaluated and reported by the offender (and not by an independent agency), although with the guidance of the Central Pollution Control Board should to be used.
How does the draft notification compare to global standards?
- EIA rules must comply with the requirements of the precautionary principle of avoiding harm and intergenerational equity. The European Union, as an evolving example, has changed its processes in accordance with the Aarhus Convention, 1998, which states that environmental and human rights
How is the draft EIA opinion different from the current opinion in force?
- Among the main deviations from existing regulations is the removal of various activities from the scope of public consultation. A list of projects has been included in category B2, expressly exempted from the requirement of an EIA (Article 13 (11)).
- Projects in this category include oil, gas and shale exploration at sea and on land, hydroelectric projects up to 25 MW, irrigation projects between 2000 and 10,000 hectares of command area, mineral upgrading units small and medium, small foundries involving kiln units, certain categories of rollers, small and medium cement factories, small clinker grinding units, acids other than phosphoric or ammoniacal, sulfuric acid, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in dyes and intermediate dyes, bulk drugs, synthetic rubbers, medium paint units, all inland waterway projects, widening or widening of roads between 25 km and 100 km with defined parameters, cable cars in environmentally sensitive areas and construction and development projects in specific areas.
What are apprehensions?
- There is concern that the EIA exemption and public consultation for activities listed in category B2 and expansion and modernization projects will seriously affect the environment, as these will be carried out without supervision.
- Combined with a new provision for post-facto environmental clearance (projects carried out without prior approval), this would further weaken protections.
- Additionally, the notice period for the public hearing has been reduced from 30 to 20 days. This will make it difficult to study the draft EIA report, especially when it is not widely available or provided in the regional language.
- Likewise, for the modernization and expansion of projects, the 2020 Notification standards are liberal, only those that involve an increase of more than 25% require EIA and more than 50% attract public consultation.
- According to the proposed changes, project proponents must submit only one annual report of compliance with conditions, of the two existing ones.
- This development is considered retrograde, as the CAG found in 2016 that the deficit in semi-annual compliance reports was between 43% and 78%, while non-compliance ranged between 5% and 57%. Non-conformities were found, in particular, in hydroelectric river and valley projects and thermal energy projects.
- After the gas leak at LG Polymers in Visakhapatnam on May 7, the Department of the Environment told the National Green Court that the unit did not have an environmental authorization, revealing the low effectiveness of the rules.
How would the new rules allow ex post authorization of infractions?
- The MoEF & CC cites its own order of March 14, 2017 allowing the evaluation of projects involving violations – where construction had started or expansion or modernization was carried out without authorization – and an order from the Jharkhand High Court requesting the examination of a case on the merits, independently of the criminal action for violation, to introduce a system beneficial to offenders.
- The EIA 2020 notification excludes public notification of violations and non-compliance. Instead, the government will only see reports from the offender-developer, the government authority, the evaluation committee, or the regulatory authority.
- Then, such projects can be approved with conditions, including the repair of ecological damage, which, again, will be evaluated and reported by the offender (and not by an independent agency), although with the guidance of the Central Pollution Control Board should to be used.
How does the draft notification compare to global standards?
- EIA rules must comply with the requirements of the precautionary principle of avoiding harm and intergenerational equity. The European Union, as an evolving example, has changed its processes in accordance with the Aarhus Convention, 1998, which states that environmental rights and human rights are linked, the current generation has an obligation to future generations, sustainable development only It can be achieved through the participation of all stakeholders, government responsibility and environmental protection are linked, and interactions between the public and public authorities must take place within a democratic context. The EU EIA Directive includes issues of climate change and biodiversity.
- India’s rules, including the 2006 EIA, arguably have privileged the interests of the project developer by reducing public consultation, accepting flawed and flawed EIA reports resulting from outside influences, and ignoring the nature of non-renewable resources. The 2020 notification deepens the impact of this paradigm.
Eight Rajya Sabha MPs suspended
Eight Rajya Sabha MPs were suspended Monday September 21 for rebellious behavior in the House the day before (September 20). The motion was approved by voice vote. The government introduced a motion calling for the suspension of Derek O’Brien (TMC), Sanjay Singh (AAP), Rajeev Satav (Congress), KK Ragesh (CPM), Syed Nazir Hussain (Congress), Ripun Boren (Congress), Dola Sen (TMC) and Elamaram Kareem (CPM). After the motion was adopted, Speaker Mr. Venkaiah Naidu called on Members to leave the Chamber. The suspended members initially refused to leave and then sat in a dharna outside Parliament. The opposition severely criticized the suspension of MPs.
What is the reason for the suspension of an MP?
The general principle is that it is the role and duty of the Speakers – Speaker of Lok Sabha and Speaker of Rajya Sabha – to maintain order so that the House can function smoothly. The suspension of the eight members comes a day after the Upper House witnessed massive scenes of rebellion from members of the protestant opposition as two farm bills passed. In order to ensure the smooth running of procedures, the president / president is empowered to force a member to withdraw from the hemicycle.
What are the rules according to which the Speaker acts?
Article number 373 of the rules of procedure and of the conduct of business states: “The Speaker, if he considers that the conduct of a deputy is seriously disorderly, may order the said deputy to withdraw immediately from the hemicycle, and any deputy who withdraws thus ordering him to leave, he must do so immediately and will remain absent for the rest of the day. “
- To deal with a larger number of recalcitrant members, the Speaker would have to resort to rules 374 and 374A.
Rule 374 says:
“(1) The Speaker may, if he or she deems it necessary, appoint a Member who ignores the authority of the Speaker or who abuses the rules of the House by persistently and deliberately obstructing his or her business.
“(2) If a member is so appointed by the President, the President, in a motion tabled immediately, raises the question that the member (who appoints such member) be suspended from House service for a period not exceeding the remainder of the session: provided that the Chamber can, at any time, by means of a request, decide that said suspension be lifted.
“(3) A member suspended under this section shall immediately retire from the precincts of the House.”
- Rule 374A was incorporated into the bylaw on December 5, 2001. The intention was to bypass the need to move and adopt a motion to stay.
- According to article 374A: “(1) Notwithstanding what is contained in articles 373 and 374, in the case of a serious disorder caused by a member who enters the room well or who abuses in a persistent and deliberate manner and obstructs his or her business by shouting slogans or otherwise, said Member, after being appointed by the President, shall automatically be suspended from House service for five consecutive sessions or the remainder of the session, whichever is less: at provided that the House may, at any time when a motion is presented, decide to end the suspension.
- “(2) When the Speaker announces the suspension under this article, the Member shall immediately withdraw from the precincts of the Chamber.”
Well, what about Rajya Sabha?
It’s very similar, with one important difference. Like the Speaker of Lok Sabha, the president of Rajya Sabha is empowered by rule number 255 of his rules to “order any deputy whose conduct is, in his opinion, extremely disorderly, to withdraw immediately” from the House.
- However, unlike the Speaker, the Speaker of Rajya Sabha does not have the power to suspend a member. The House may, by another motion, terminate the suspension.
- The Speaker may “appoint a member who ignores the authority of the president or who abuses the rules of the board by persistently and deliberately obstructing” business.
- In such a situation, the House may adopt a motion suspending the member from House service for a period not exceeding the remainder of the session.
- On Monday, Speaker Venkaiah Naidu suspended the eight opposition MPs. He said he was “deeply hurt” by what happened in the House on September 20.
- “All social distancing and Covid protocols have been violated. Whatever happens, he defied logic. It was a bad day for Rajya Sabha. The Vice President (Harivansh) was physically threatened. He was concerned about his physical well-being. “
Is the suspension of a deputy a common practice in Parliament?
- It is a strong action, but it is not uncommon. On March 5 of this year, seven members of Congress: Gaurav Gogoi (Kaliabor), TN Prathapan (Thrissur), Dean Kuriakose (Idukki), Rajmohan Unnithan (Kasaragod), Manickam Tagore (Virudhunagar), Benny Behanan (Chalakudy) and Gurjeet. Singh Aujla (Amritsar): They were suspended from Lok Sabha during the budget session of Parliament.
- In November 2019, President Om Birla suspended two members of Congress.
- In January 2019, Birla’s predecessor as President Sumitra Mahajan suspended a total of 45 MPs from the TDP and AIADMK after continuously interrupting debates for days.
- On February 13, 2014, President Meira Kumar suspended 18 Andhra Pradesh MPs (indivisible) following chaos in the House. The suspended deputies supported or opposed the creation of the separate state of Telangana.
- Prior to that, on September 2, 2014, nine members were suspended for five days.
- On August 23, 2013, 12 members were suspended for five days.
- And on April 24, 2012, eight members were suspended for four days.
- On March 15, 1989, when Rajiv Gandhi was Prime Minister, no less than 63 members were suspended from Lok Sabha for three days.
Isn’t the exclusion of an elected representative of the people an extreme measure to be taken to curb rebellious behavior?
- Members of the opposition accused the government of “killing democracy”. Each instance of suspension of a deputy provokes strong statements from both sides.
- In general, a balance must be found. There is no doubt that the application of the supreme authority of the president is essential for the correct development of the procedure. However, it must be remembered that the President’s job is to lead the House, not dominate it.
- The solution to rebellious behavior must be long-term and in line with democratic values. A previous president had ordered television cameras to focus on protesters, so that people could see for themselves how their representatives behaved in the House.
- In the present case, however, the opposition accused the president of having interrupted the television broadcast of the debates in Rajya Sabha.
- What cannot be denied is that the actions of the president / president are often dictated more by opportunism and the position of the party to which they belong than by rules and principles.
- Thus, the ruling party at the time invariably insisted on maintaining discipline, just as the opposition insisted on its right to protest. And their positions change when their roles change.
Education Ministry report | At least 40% of schoolchildren
The report, School Education Sector Initiatives 2020-21, shows that the digital divide has disproportionately affected some states, while some may have done well due to the adequate availability of smartphones and televisions.
Between 40% and 70% of children in school in seven large states (Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand) do not have access to digital devices, according to a report prepared by the Union Ministry of Education document the response to the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic.
- The report, School Education Sector Initiatives in 2020-21, shows that the digital divide has disproportionately affected some states, while some may have done well due to the adequate availability of smartphones and televisions. However, the picture remains incomplete in the absence of data from states like Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, and questionable claims like Rajasthan that there are no students without digital access.
- The report, was prepared based on data shared by 22 of the 28 states and seven of the eight union territories.
- State interventions to close the gap also reflect the same disparity: some like Tamil Nadu claim to have distributed 5.15 lakhs of laptops to students, compared to 42 Bihar government cellphones.
- In absolute numbers, prepared on the basis of surveys of varying sample sizes by states and UT in 2020 and 2021, it was found that 29 million students, including 14.33 million in Bihar, did not had no access to digital devices.
- The ‘new normal’ can also have a huge impact on the learning levels of almost all children; Learning loss can be a reality for many children, the report says.
- Among the states that responded, those with a very high proportion of students without digital access include Madhya Pradesh (70%), Bihar (58.09%), Andhra Pradesh (57%), Assam ( 44.24%), Jharkhand (43.42%)), Uttarakhand (41.17%) and Gujarat (40%). Among the best-located states and UTs are Delhi with around 4% of students without access, Kerala 1.63%, Tamil Nadu 14.51%.
An overview of some of the report’s findings:
- Assam: The state reported 3,106,255 students without a digital device. According to data from the Unified District Education Information System, it has 7,01,5898 students in 65,907 schools. Although the state has not distributed devices, it has organized home visits for teachers and launched a free helpline for students to resolve academic issues and address psychosocial issues.
- Andhra Pradesh: The state surveyed 29.34 lakhs out of 81.36 lakhs of students in May 2021 and found that 2,015,568 students did not have access to cell phones. Parents at 10.22 lakh have phones that can only make calls, and students at 4.57 lakh have access to phones without mobile data. Report found that 3.88 lakh students do not have access to television. Only 5,752 students have laptops. So far, the state has distributed 2,850 laptops and 18,270 tabs, and is planning a toll-free number.
- Bihar: The state, which has 2.46 million students, said 1.43 million children do not have access to digital devices. In terms of interventions to close the gap, it has delivered cell phones to 42 students and plans to deliver tablets to 250 schools. With the help of UNICEF, mobile vans equipped with televisions, videos, math games and toys were deployed in seven districts, with special attention to Mahadalit / Mushahar communities.
- Gujarat: A UNICEF survey of 12,000 schools found that 40% of students did not have access to smartphones and the Internet. The state has Rs 1.14 crore of students in 54,629 schools. To close the gap, the state government distributed blended learning modules and launched an IVRS helpline. About 11,200 devices were provided to students and 40,000 to teachers.
- Jharkhand: Out of 74.89 lakh of students, 32.52 lakh do not have digital access. The state informed the Center that tablets were provided to schools and group resource centers in 2018-19. With the number of Android phones in remote tribal-dominated villages ‘very low’, the state has partnered with UNICEF to develop home learning modules and launched mohalla schools in remote areas .
- Madhya Pradesh: A 98 lakh education department survey of the state’s 1.57 crore students found that 70% of them do not have access to smartphones. The April 2021 survey indicated that 53 lakhs have access to televisions and 57 lakhs have access to radios. Listed interventions include mohalla classes and regular teacher-parent interactions over the phone. A school radio show was also launched immediately after the national shutdown.
- Uttarakhand: State authorities surveyed 5.20 lakh out of 23.39 lakh of school-age children and found that 2.14 lakh did not have access to digital devices for online learning. It proposes to distribute more than 35,000 electronic books to school students. The state also tried to sensitize the community to stay in touch with these students, distributed worksheets to them, and also used community radio in five districts.
The Ministry of Education report highlights once again the sad reality of differential access to education, made all the more surprising by the disruption induced by the pandemic and the resulting digital divide. Official figures also validate the concerns expressed by associations working in the education sector. The report also highlights interventions at different levels to close the gap, but the need to intensify efforts cannot be overstated.
Economic Updates – June
Manufacturing activity in India contracted for the third consecutive month in June, but at a much slower pace, as demand and production continued to suffer for three months from shutdowns to curb the spread of the coronavirus.
- The virus has infected more than half a million people in the world’s second most populous country, blocking economic activity. While the Nikkei Manufacturing Purchasing Managers index, compiled by IHS Markit, rose to 47.2 last month from 30.8 in May, it was still below 50 points between growth and contraction.
- Analysts polled by Reuters had expected 37.5. The April-June period was the worst quarterly performance since the PMI survey began in March 2005, according to a Reuters poll.
“India’s manufacturing sector moved towards stabilisation in June, with both output and new orders contracting at much softer rates than seen in April and May. However, the recent spike in new coronavirus cases and the resulting lockdown extensions have seen demand continue to weaken,”
noted Eliot Kerr, an economist at IHS Markit.
Collections of the goods and services tax (GST) totaled Rs 90,917 million in June, contracting for the third consecutive month year after year. However, the rate of decline fell sharply to just 9.02% from 38.17% in May and 71.63% in April, as statements from the previous months were also filed in June due to relaxed government hours amid COVID. -19 outbreak.
- GST collections in the first quarter decreased by almost 70% due to the sharp drop in the mop in April and May. The government was only able to raise Rs 62,009 crore in May and Rs 32,294 crore in April. But collections increased after the government eased the blockade to fight the coronavirus.
- GST’s revenue in June this year represents 91% of the Rs 99.94 billion collected in the same month of the previous year. The government raised Rs 18.98 crore from the central GST in June this year, Rs 23.97 crore from the GST state and Rs 40.302 crore from the integrated GST.
- Compensation amounted to Rs 7,665 crore. The Cess collection was Rs 7,665 crore (including Rs. 607 crore collected from imported products). The government has settled Rs 13,325 crore to CGST and Rs 11,117 crore to SGST from IGST as regular regulations.
- Total revenue earned by central and state governments after regular settlement in June was Rs 32,305 million for CGST and Rs 35,087 million for SGST. As the government had extended the deadline for filing the GST statements, the April, March and some February statements were filed in June and certain May statements, which would otherwise have been filed in June, would be deposited during the first days of July.
- June revenues represented 91% of GST revenues in the same month last year. In the month, revenues from the import of goods were 71% and revenues from the national transaction (including services of import) accounted for 97% of revenue from these sources in the same way. Last month,
India’s fiscal deficit in the first two months of May totaled Rs 4.66 trillion ($ 61.67 billion), or 58.6% of the budgeted target for the year in course, government data showed on Tuesday.
- Net tax revenue for the April-May period was Rs 33,850 cr ($ 4.48 billion), while total spending was Rs 5.12 billion, the data showed, indicating that the government billed its budgeted expenditures for combat the impact of the pandemic.
- India’s fiscal deficit reached 4.6% of GDP in the 2019/20 fiscal year ending March, compared to initial estimates of 3.3%. The latest figures on deficit come at a time when the Center is seriously considering direct monetization of the budget deficit by RBI, which has escaped the idea of the first half (S1) 2020-2021 (FY21 ).
country’s foreign exchange reserves in nominal terms increased by $64.9 billion in FY20 compared to a reduction of $11.7 billion in FY19, according to RBI.
“Foreign exchange reserves in nominal terms (including the valuation effects) increased by $64.9 billion during 2019-20 as against a decline of $11.7 billion in the preceding year,€?
RBI said
- The valuation gain, reflecting increase in gold prices, amounted to $5.4 billion during 2019-20 as against a loss of $8.3 billion during 2018-19.
- On a balance of payments basis (excluding valuation effects), foreign exchange reserves surged by $59.5 billion during FY20 as against a decrease of $3.3 billion during FY19.
- The country’s current account balance (CAB) declined to $24.7 billion in FY20 as against a deficit of $57.3 in FY19.
Economic Survey 2021
Each additional year of education increases a person’
The study also found that each rupee invested in completing school studies is expected to generate an economic benefit of between 4.5 and 8.2 rupees in terms of each individual’s future income.
Each additional year of education in India increases a person’s average income by about 6.7%, according to a new study that noted that this return is higher for girls than for boys. The study was commissioned by the NGO Population Foundation of India, on why the government should invest in the health, education and well-being of young people. Based on an analysis of secondary data, it was found that each additional year of education in India increases the average income of a person by approximately 6.7%.
“This return is greater for girls than for boys. Each additional year of education translates into an 8.6% increase in the monthly salary for women, while for men the figure rises to 6.1%, ”she said. The study also found that each rupee invested in completing school studies is expected to generate an economic benefit of between Rs 4.5 and 8.2 in terms of each individual’s future income, he said.
The study puts the total cost of establishing adequate adolescent mental health facilities at Rs 8,134 crore over the next six years. According to the results, another million rupees per year would be needed to cover the costs of the treatment.
He predicts that the cost of providing iron and folic acid tablets to adolescent boys and girls in school and adolescent girls outside of school would cost around 3,000 crore per year. Speaking about the mental health issues teens face, Prime Minister’s EAC Chairman Bibek Debroy said there was a serious lack of data given that most cases go unreported due to the stigma surrounding these issues.
He also spoke of the need to act quickly to realize India’s demographic dividend. “Beyond 2035 or so, India will start to age. What’s even more important is that our policies on people entering the workforce are correct, ”said Debroy, who published the study Monday.
Poonam Muttreja, Executive Director of the Population Foundation of India, highlighted the need for collaborative action between different branches of government and civil society organizations to work for the development of adolescents.
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E-way bills generated in June
The generation of invoices reached 18.32 lakh, valued at more than 54.5 billion rupees, on June 30. An increase in electronic invoices is considered to indicate a rebound in economic activity, as it reflects an improvement in the movement of goods. Invoice generation is slowly progressing to pre-lockdown levels, with more than 4.27 million rupees generated in June, compared to an average of 5.3 million rupees per month during the period leading up to Covid.
- To curb tax evasion, the government introduced the electronic invoicing system for interstate and interstate commerce.
- The invoice, which must be carried by the person responsible for a shipment of goods with a value greater than Rs. 50,000, generated from the common portal of the GST.
- The validity of the e-way invoice depends on the distance that the goods must be transported.
According to data published by the GST network, the computer backbone of the indirect tax system, with the gradual easing of the lockdown, the generation of electronic invoices reached 18.32 lakh, worth more than Rs 54,500 crore on June 30, the last unlocking day 1.0. The two numbers are the highest in their respective categories since the lock was applied.
- The generation of electronic invoices, which was around 20 lakh per day before Covid, fell dramatically after the blockade was put in place in March.
- The month was most marked, with the generation of electronic invoices falling to around 0.49 lakh on March 25.
- In a monthly comparison, April saw a sharp drop in electronic invoices of 84.53 lakh, valued at Rs 3.9-crore de lakh
- With the restrictions reduced, the number increased rapidly in May and June.
- The data confirms that the economy is accelerating with the resumption of movement of goods near pre-closing levels and that GST collections are increasing sharply.
- As part of reducing the burden of compliance, the validity of the electronic invoice has been extended to ensure the smooth flow of goods blocked on the roads during the closure.
DU UG 2023 Admissions Process Expected to Begin End of May
Admissions for undergraduate and graduate programs will be by CSAS (UG) 2023 and CSAS (PG) 2023.
Delhi University plans to launch the admissions process for undergraduate programs through the Common Seating System by the end of the month, a senior official said on Saturday. The university will launch two separate portals for undergraduate and graduate program admissions. The CBSE announced the results for Class 12 on Friday, with 87.33% of students passing the exam.
“Only yesterday the Class 12 results were announced. CUET UG will also begin at the end of this month. We are in the process of starting our admissions process. I will most likely begin the admissions process at the end of of the month,” said a senior university official.
Admissions for undergraduate and graduate programs will be through CSAS (UG) 2023 and CSAS (PG) 2023.
Students who aspire to join the DU must pass the CUET UG 2023 and the CUET PG 2023 as well as register on the DU CSAS UG and PG portal. The university hopes this year the admissions process will be “smoother”, the official said.
“We are fully prepared to accept admissions to the UG and PG programs through CUET. We will launch two separate portals for undergraduate and graduate program admissions,”
the official said.
This will be the first time that the university has opted for the common university access test to access postgraduate programs. It admitted students to its 70 schools through CUET-UG last year. “Last year we registered for the first time through CUET. This year, the admission (process) will be smoother. We are also willing to do PG admission for the first time. We are sure of it too,” the official added.
The maximum number of applications for CUET UG was received for Delhi University, followed by Banaras Hindu University, Allahabad University, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University and Jamia Millia Islamia.
The exam is scheduled for May 21-31. DU has failed to fill the current academic session’s 70,000 vacancies despite its best efforts, as seven percent of vacancies across its faculties remain unfilled.
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DU LLB Entrance Exam 2022 decoded
The University of Delhi will conduct the entrance exam of DU LLB 2O22 tentatively in next month. The university had earlier extended the DU LLB and LLM application form till June 30, 2022. National Testing Agency (NTA) will conduct the DU LLB 2022 entrance exam, a part of DU Entrance Test in offline mode. The offline based DU LLB 2022 entrance exam will be conducted across the country.
DU LLB exam pattern 2022
DU LLB Entrance Exam is a 2-hour national exam consisting of 100 multiple-choice questions. DU LLB question paper will consist of four sections – English Language & Comprehension, Analytical Ability, Legal Awareness & Aptitude, and General Knowledge.
| Particulars | Details |
| Mode | Online |
| Medium | English |
| Test duration | 2 hours |
| Question type | Objective multiple-choice type questions (MCQs) |
| Number of questions | The test paper will include one question paper consisting of one hundred (100) questions |
| Marking scheme | Each question carries 4 marks, but for an incorrect response, 1 mark will be deducted. If a question is left unmarked, zero marks will be allotted. |
| Total marks | 100X4 = 400 |
DU LLB seat matrix 2022
Delhi University has three law centres known as Campus Law Centre, Law Centre I and Law Centre II. All law centres are located on the campus and have similar educational structures, fee structures. The university offers a total of 2,888 seats in the LLB programme. The detailed distribution of seats are given below.
| Participating Institutes | Sanctioned seats |
| Campus Law Centre (CLC) | 974 |
| Law Centre 1 (LC1) | 974 |
| Law Centre 2 (LC2) | 974 |
| Total | 2922 |
DU LLB Admission Cut off 2022 Previous Year
| Admission Year | General | OBC | SC |
| 2020 | 225 | 178 | 158 |
| 2019 | 243 | 197 | 143 |
| 2018 | 234 | 141 | 164 |
| 2017 | 249 | 210 | 180 |
| 2016 | 369 | 279 | 232 |
| 2015 | 425 | 325 | 268 |
| 2014 | 381 | 296 | 242 |
Seat Allocation for DU LLB 2022 Admission
The DU-LLB Examination 2022 counselling process will take place over three rounds. After each round, the university publishes the seat allocation list. The process of allocating DU LLB places is intended for the pre-selection of candidates for admission. After reviewing the documents at the time of consultation, the university prepared an admission list based on the following factors:
• Classification ensured by the candidate
• The center is chosen by the applicant after completing the counsel registration form.
The University of Delhi announces the list of admissions after each cycle of counseling and placement sessions. The list also indicates the completion of the DU LLB Entrance Exam 2022. Passing the DU LLB Entrance Exam is published separately for all categories. Completion of the LLB entrance exam is an indicator of the minimum scores required for the exam.
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