BLOGS
A five-point course of action to reduce the four-month
The southern shore of Pangong Tso (lake), where Indian and Chinese troops are currently clashing, witnessed gunfire in the air not only on September 7 but also a week earlier. This is the first time since 1975 that shots have been fired along the disputed Line of Actual Control (LAC).
- The Indian military said on Tuesday that it was Chinese troops who fired a few shots in the air on September 7. On August 31, the military released a statement, claiming that China had taken provocative military action to change the status quo in the south. Pangong Tso bank and “Indian troops anticipated this PLA activity.”
- So far, no disputes have been reported on the South Rim, and last week the Indian military dominated the ridges and hills here. The official assured that the army had not transgressed in Chinese territory and occupied ridges and heights that fall in Indian territory.
- China has amassed troops across the Latin American and Caribbean country in eastern Ladakh since April-May. Many areas of Depsang, Gogra-Hot Springs, Galwan and the north shore of Pangong Tso in the Latin America and Caribbean region have been closed to Indian patrols since May.
- On June 15, up to 20 Indian soldiers were killed in violent clashes with the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in the Galwan Valley. The official said the number of Indian troops in eastern Ladakh had doubled in recent days.
- As indicated, a massive build-up had started again in the Finger region on the North Shore since Tuesday evening, but no violent incident was reported.
- Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar met in person his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi in Moscow, after a two-and-a-half-hour meeting that lasted overnight in Moscow, Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar and the Chinese minister Foreign Affairs Minister Wang Yi said they had agreed on a five-point course of action to reduce the four-month confrontation between troops on the Royal Line of Control (LAC).
“The two foreign ministers agreed that the current situation in the border areas does not benefit either side. They therefore agreed that border troops on both sides should continue their dialogue, disconnect quickly, maintain the appropriate distance and ease tensions, ”
said a joint press release issued after the first face-to-face meeting. between the two ministers. since the confrontation.
- The five-point plan includes maintaining the consensus between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Xi Jinping to “not allow differences to turn into conflicts,” a quick disconnect to ease tensions, respect existing border protocols between the ‘India and China. and avoid intensive action, continuous dialogue between NSA Special Representatives Ajit Doval and Mr. Wang, as well as other mechanisms, and finally, work on new confidence-building measures.
- The five points agreed upon are a template for “principles of disengagement,” said a senior official familiar with the meeting, but big differences persist in the positions taken by the two sides.
- It is understood that the meeting of military commanders in the coming days will more clearly mark the stages of the disconnection, which the foreign ministers will consider before deciding on the way forward.
- India argued that the strong mobilization of troops by the PLA caused a very serious and dangerous situation within LAC, while initially during the meeting, the Chinese side has tried to deny any sense of crisis, believing that both parties must “come out” peacefully from the current stalemate.
- Mr. Jaishankar, however, expressed India’s “deep concern” that the mobilization of troops and materiel, very close to LAC, was the immediate problem, and that a full resolution required the return of troops. to their “permanent posts”, other differences persisted.
- A document published by the Chinese Foreign Ministry said that “the Indian side does not consider relations to depend on solving the border problem.”
- This contrasts sharply with what Jaishankar said at the meeting and reiterated publicly, saying that the state of bilateral relations cannot be dissociated from the situation within LAC. Jaishankar also did not say, as the Chinese memorandum states, that “the Indian side believes that China’s policy towards India has not changed.”
- In fact, according to sources, India believes that China has yet to “provide a credible explanation for this deployment” and its “provocative behavior”.
- While border commanders have been in contact about withdrawal procedures since June and have made little progress so far, the government believes that they now have concrete proposals and commitments from the minister.
- China’s Foreign Minister, who is also a State Councilor, now joins the Chinese side, unlike what happened in recent months. Neither side specifically mentioned a return to “status quo ante” or positions in April, but sources said India had spoken of ensuring that troops were deployed to “permanent positions.”
- Separated between 25 and 30 km, and not directly to LAC as they are now. “The immediate task is to ensure a complete withdrawal of troops in all areas of friction. This is necessary to avoid any adverse incidents in the future. The final disposition of the deployment of troops in their permanent posts and the stage of the process must be elaborated by the military commanders, ”said government sources.
- The statement issued by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on Friday quoted Wang as saying the relationship was “at a crossroads.” “But as long as the two parties continue to move the relationship in the right direction, there will be no difficulties or challenges that cannot be overcome,” he said.
- His quoted comments contrasted with recent statements from China, especially after the September 4 meeting between defense ministers in Moscow. He did not blame India for the recent crisis, which has been a point emphasized by various Chinese statements from the Foreign Ministry and the PLA in recent weeks.
- The statement said that Wang described “China’s tough stance” on the situation in the border areas, “and stressed that the imperative is to immediately cease provocations such as shooting and other dangerous actions that violate commitments made by both parties.”
- He said it was “normal for China and India to have differences as two great neighbors” and added that “the important thing is to put these differences in a proper context towards bilateral relations.” “As two large developing countries that are emerging rapidly, what China and India need now is cooperation, not confrontation; and mutual trust, he does not suspect.
- The meeting between foreign ministers in Moscow was facilitated and encouraged by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, who greeted them at the SCO meeting. Later, a luncheon between Russia, India and China set the stage for the bilateral talks on Thursday.
- It is expected to be followed by talks with special representatives and a new meeting of the Working Mechanism on consultations and coordination of border issues between India and China. In November, Modi and Xi are expected to attend the G20 summit in Saudi Arabia, which will be the first time that the two leaders, who have not yet spoken to each other during the confrontation, can meet.
73% of young Indians believe the quality of education in
According to the survey, about 59% of girls between the ages of 15 and 24 are more convinced than others that education plays an important role in success. Furthermore, 67% of girls believe that digital technology has helped boys in education, compared to 59% of boys.
Almost 73 percent of young Indians surveyed in an international survey believe that the quality of education in India is better today than in the past.
The poll, The Changing Childhood Project, conducted in 21 countries, including India, by UNICEF and Gallup and released before World Children’s Day on November 20, shows that 57% of respondents between the ages of 15 and 24 and 45% of respondents over 40 in India believe that education is the most important success factor.
Men and women have different perceptions of education. “Nearly 78 percent of surveyed women in India over 40 believe that children’s education today is better than that of their parents, compared to 72 percent of older men,” the survey said.
Furthermore, at 59%, girls aged 15-24 are more convinced than others that education plays an important role in success. Furthermore, 67% of girls believe that digital technology has helped boys in education, compared to 59% of boys, ”the report says.
The results of the survey conducted in India also show differences in perception between the youngest and oldest respondents: 71% of the elderly think that children will be better off financially than their parents, compared to 66% of the youngest.
According to the report, 57 percent of young people in India use the internet on a daily basis, compared to 27 percent of older people, the fourth largest generational difference between 21 countries.
The report also found that 55% of young people in India have heard of climate change, compared to 42% of older people, the largest overall gap in 21 countries. The younger generation is much more likely to blame business for climate change.
Respondents in India have the second largest generation gap in saying that it is okay for parents to physically punish a child (55% younger, 47% older). Surprisingly, India also has the second highest proportion of young people who think it is okay for teachers to physically punish children, a practice that should normally be unacceptable.
Despite the differences, respondents from both generations agree on certain points. India is the only country where the majority of the young, as well as the elderly, believe that their country would be safer if they worked more on their own.
India also has a very low number of young and old who identify with belonging to the world. In fact, at 17 percent, India has the second-lowest percentage of young people among the 21 countries that most identify with being part of the world, according to the report.
The report states that almost 73 percent of surveyed Indian youth between the ages of 15 and 24 believe that the quality of education has improved today than in the past. The survey covered more than 21,000 people aged 15-24 and aged 40 and over in 21 countries, including India, in early 2021. The 1,500 Indian respondents were interviewed before the second deadly wave of COVID -19 this year.
“In India, where an overwhelming number of young people from around the world reside, it is heartwarming to see the optimism and value placed on education,” said Yasumasa Kimura, UNICEF Representative in India (acting).
“It is clear that women and girls value education more, given the tremendous strides that India has made in girls’ education over the past decades.
“These advances are now at stake due to the COVID-19 pandemic and school closings, especially for girls who have less access to technology and are more likely to carry household chores and marriage. To avoid any reversal of progress in girls’ education, we must invest in education and get boys back to school safely, ”he said.
The survey found that in addition to education, young Indians are also optimistic about their future in terms of physical safety and economic progress.
“For example, 64% of 15-24 year olds in India are likely to believe the world is getting better. This figure was higher than the average in 21 countries, which was 57 percent. In addition, 70% of young people in India believe that physical security has improved in the last generation, ”the report says.
The survey also found that 65% of young people surveyed in India think it is very important for politicians to listen to children’s voices. On World Children’s Day, children across the country will present a letter of their demands for the safe reopening of schools and the recovery of learning in a session with Members of Parliament Indian.
This is part of the Child Rights Week observed by UNICEF and its partners from National Children’s Day on November 14 to World Children’s Day on November 20 to raise awareness among the millions of children who lost their right to education and to seek urgent support to learn how to recover.
Read Also:
70-Year-Old Fortunate to Complete LLM | University of
Under the University of Delhi’s Centenary Chance initiative, a 70-year-old man is given the chance to complete his LLM after 40 years.
70-Year-Old Fortunate to Complete LLM: As part of the University of Delhi’s ‘Centenary Chance’ initiative, Rajesh Kumar Rawat, 70, has another chance to fulfill his ‘long-held’ dream of completing his Master of Laws (LLM). Rajesh left DU about 42 years ago.
He is one of 8,200 Delhi University alumni who have registered for a second chance to complete their studies. Mr. Rawat did his LLB in Lucknow and then joined the CBI as a researcher. He transferred to Delhi and was admitted to an LLM course at the University of Delhi in 1979. He was unable to complete his degree due to his regular assignments abroad while working for CBI.
About the Centenary Chance Initiative
About the Centenary Chance Initiative: In March, Delhi University Vice-Chancellor Yogesh Singh announced that DU students who drop out would be offered a “hundred-year chance” to complete their studies and graduate. A proposal to this effect was approved at a special meeting of the Executive Council held on January 28 to discuss the university’s centenary celebrations.
Eligible applicants may apply for a maximum of four jobs for the annual review mode and up to eight jobs for the semester program. The exam will tentatively be held in October of this year and March of the next in physical modality.
It will be held for a theoretical and practical exam, not for an internal evaluation, the university said. The university informed that students applying for the “Centennial Opportunity” must provide the required details and documents.
Read Also:
6th August 1945
Japan on Thursday celebrated 75 years since the world’s first atomic bomb attack, which killed some 140,000 people in Hiroshima and left many others deeply traumatized and even stigmatized. A second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, killing an additional 74,000 people.
Here are some facts about the devastating attacks
The bombs: The first atomic bomb was dropped on the western city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 by the American bomber Enola Gay. The bomb was nicknamed “Little Boy” but its impact was anything but minimal. It exploded about 600 meters from the ground, with a force equivalent to 15,000 tons of TNT, and killed 140,000 people. Tens of thousands of people died instantly, while more died of injury or illness in the weeks, months and years that followed.
- Three days later, the United States dropped a second bomb, dubbed “Fat Man”, on the city of Nagasaki, killing an additional 74,000 people. The attacks remain the only time atomic bombs have been used in time of war.
The attacks: When the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the first thing people noticed was an “intense fireball”, according to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Temperatures near the explosion reached about 7,000 degrees Celsius (12,600 Fahrenheit), causing fatal burns within a radius of about three kilometers (five miles).
- ICRC experts say there have been cases of temporary or permanent blindness due to the intense flash of light and the resulting damage, such as cataracts.
- A vortex of heat generated by the explosion also sparked thousands of fires that burned several square kilometers (miles) of the largely wooden town.
- A firestorm that consumed all available oxygen caused more suffocation deaths. It is estimated that victims of burns and fires are responsible for more than half of the immediate deaths in Hiroshima.
- The explosion generated a huge shock wave which in some cases literally swept people away. Others were crushed to death inside collapsed buildings or were injured or killed by flying debris.
“I remember the charred bodies of children thrown around the hypocenter as black rocks,”
Koichi Wada, an 18-year-old witness at the time of the Nagasaki attack, said of the bombing.
Radiation Effects: The bombings triggered radiation that was fatal both immediately and in the long term. Radiation sickness was reported after the attack by many survivors of the initial explosion and firestorm.
- Acute radiation symptoms include vomiting, headache, nausea, diarrhea, bleeding and hair loss, and radiation sickness is fatal for many within weeks or months.
- The survivors of the bomb, known as “hibakusha”, also experienced longer term effects, including high risks of thyroid cancer and leukemia, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki experienced high rates of cancer .
- Of the 50,000 radiation victims in the two cities studied by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation of Japan and the United States, about 100 died of leukemia and 850 suffered from radiation-induced cancer.
- However, the group found no evidence of a “significant increase” in severe birth defects in the children of the survivors.
The aftermath: The two bombings dealt the final blow to Imperial Japan, which surrendered on August 15, 1945, ending World War II. Historians have questioned whether the devastating bombardments ultimately saved lives by ending the conflict and preventing a ground invasion.
- But those calculations meant little to survivors, many of whom have faced decades of physical and psychological trauma, as well as the stigma that sometimes accompanies being a hibakusha.
- Despite their suffering and their status as the first victims of the atomic age, many survivors were rejected, especially by marriage, because of prejudices about exposure to radiation.
- Survivors and their supporters have become some of the strongest and most powerful voices opposing the use of nuclear weapons, meeting with world leaders in Japan and abroad to make their case.
- Last year, Pope Francis met several hibakusha during visits to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, paying homage to the “indescribable horror” suffered by the victims of the attacks.
- In 2016, Barack Obama became the first sitting US president to visit Hiroshima. He did not apologized for the attack, but embraced the survivors and called for a world free of nuclear weapons.
60th anniversary of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)
September 19 marks the 60th anniversary of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) between India and Pakistan, a treaty often cited as an example of the possibilities for peaceful coexistence that exist despite the troubled relationship.
- Supporters of the treaty often call it “unbroken and uninterrupted”. The World Bank, which as a third party has played a key role in the development of the IWT, continues to be particularly proud of the operation of the treaty.
- India’s role as a responsible high rider complying with the treaty provisions has been remarkable, but the country has recently come under pressure to rethink the extent to which it can remain committed to the provisions, such as its general political relationship with the Pakistan, things are becoming intractable.
Equitable distribution of water
In the past, the partition of the Indus river system was inevitable after the partition of India in 1947. The partition formula worked out after lengthy negotiations divided the Indus system into two halves.
- The three “western rivers” (Indo, Jhelum and Chenab) went to Pakistan and the three “eastern rivers” (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) were divided in India.
- It may have seemed fair, but the point is that India has ceded 80.52% of the total Indus system water flow to Pakistan. They also donated Rs 83 crore in British pounds to Pakistan to help build replacement canals from western rivers. Such generosity is unusual in an upper waterfront area.
- India gave up its superior riparian position on the western rivers to gain full rights to the eastern rivers. Water is at the heart of India’s development plans.
- Therefore, it was vital to secure the waters of the “eastern rivers” for the proposed Rajasthan Canal and Bhakra Dam, without which Punjab and Rajasthan would dry up, severely hampering India’s food production.
- Jawaharlal Nehru, at the opening of the Bhakra Channels in 1963, described it as “a gigantic achievement and a symbol of the energy and enterprise of the nation”.
- In Pakistan, however, it was an occasion for strong resentment, lamenting that India had escaped with the total flow of 33 million acre-feet in the rivers of the East “practically for a song”.
- Nehru has always been aware that Bhakra canals should not come at the cost of reducing Pakistan’s water supply.
- However, it was also very clear that India’s interest in the eastern rivers must be protected in the hope that the two countries will one day live “amicably and cordially as the United States. and Canada live in North America ”.
Growing discomfort
This, of course, did not happen. On the contrary, Pakistani leaders consider that sharing the waters with India is an unfinished business. What is questionable today has nothing to do with the distribution of water, which is established in inland navigation, but whether the Indian projects in the western rivers, especially Jhelum and Chenab, as Pakistan claims , comply with the technical specifications.
- Being a lower riparian state, Pakistan’s skepticism towards India allows it to increasingly politicize the issue.
- Unsurprisingly, he maintains high troop levels and vigilance around the canals on the eastern front, fearing that India is trying to take control of western rivers.
- Clearly, due to its strategic location and importance, the Indus Basin continues to receive considerable international attention.
- Indeed, David Lilienthal, who headed the Tennessee Valley Authority and then the Atomic Energy Commission, after visiting India and Pakistan in 1951, feared that “another Korea is brewing”, prompting the World Bank to act as mediator. in water sharing agreements.
- Every now and then there is clamor in India to repeal the IWT in response to cross-border terrorism and Pakistani intransigence.
- Any attempt in this direction would require determining a series of politico-diplomatic and hydrological factors as well as a political consensus.
- The fact that the treaty has remained “unbroken” is because India respects its signatories and sees cross-border rivers as an important link in the region in terms of diplomacy and economic prosperity.
- There have been several cases of terrorist attacks (the Indian Parliament in 2001, Mumbai in 2008, and the incidents at Uri in 2016 and Pulwama in 2019) that could have led India, under the Vienna Convention on the right of treaties, to withdraw from the IWT. However, each time India has chosen not to do so.
Renegotiation
Since repeal is an option India is reluctant to take, there is a growing debate to modify the existing IWT. While the treaty may have served a certain purpose by the time it was signed, now with a new set of hydrological realities, advanced engineering methods for dam construction and sand removal, it must be urgently reviewed.
- Article XII of the IWT states that “it may be amended from time to time”, but it carefully states “by means of a treaty duly ratified between the two governments”.
- Pakistan would see no interest in any modification, as it had already made a good deal in 1960. Therefore, India’s best option would be to optimize the terms of the treaty.
- India regretted that it did not use the 3.6 million acre feet (MAF) of “authorized storage capacity” granted by land transport on Western rivers.
- Poor water development projects have allowed 2-3 MAF of water to flow easily to the much needed Pakistan. In addition, of the total estimated capacity of 11,406 MW of electricity that can be tapped from the three western rivers of Kashmir, only 3,034 MW have been tapped so far.
5th June: World Environment Day
June 5 is celebrated each year as World Environment Day to promote environmental awareness and protection. According to the United Nations, “the celebration of this day gives us the opportunity to broaden the bases of an informed opinion and responsible behavior of individuals, businesses and communities to preserve and improve the environment”. The day is celebrated with the participation of governments, businesses, celebrities and citizens to focus their efforts on a pressing environmental problem.
Historically World Environment Day was first observed in 1974 in the city of Spokane in the United States. In 1972, the United Nations General Assembly established World Environment Day on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment. Two years later, in 1974, the first WED was performed with the theme “Only One Earth”. Although the celebration of Environment Day has been held annually since 1974, in 1987, the idea began to turn the center of these activities by selecting different host countries.
World Environment Day – 2020 Theme
In 2020, the theme is biodiversity, an urgent and existential concern. Recent events, from forest fires in Brazil, the United States, and Australia to locust infestations in East Africa, and now the coronavirus pandemic, demonstrate the interdependence of humans and life webs. where they exist Every World Environment Day is organized by a different country, where official celebrations take place. This year’s host is Colombia in association with Germany. The day is celebrated by committing governments, companies, celebrities and citizens to focus their efforts on an urgent environmental problem.
World Environment Day timeline since 2010
| Year | Theme | Remarks |
| 2010 | ‘Many Species. One Planet. One Future’ | Hosted in Rwanda, it celebrated the diversity of life on Earth as part of the 2010 International Year of Biodiversity. |
| 2011 | Forests — Nature At Your Service. | The world environment day of 2011 was hosted by India |
| 2012 | Green Economy | The celebrations were held in Brazil. |
| 2013 | Themed on the footprint of food, under the slogan “Think, Eat, Save”. | The UN reminded us that one third of all food produced fails to make it from farm to table, which means 1.3 billion tonnes of food, worth 1,000 billion dollars, are wasted. This amount would be enough to feed the 870 million people suffering from hunger around the world, as well as reduce CO2 emissions significantly. |
| 2014 | “Raise your Voice not the Sea Level!” | 2014 was dedicated to the sea, under the theme “Raise your Voice not the Sea Level!” in order to raise awareness on the problems island nations are facing due to rising sea levels, hosted at Barbodas. |
| 2015 | “Seven Billion People. One Planet. Consume with Care” | In 2015, WED was hosted by Milan, Italy, under the theme “Seven Billion People. One Planet. Consume with Care”. That year, WED was the most popular subject on Twitter in more than 20 countries. |
| 2016 | “Zero tolerance for the illegal trade in wildlife” | hosted by Angola, |
| 2017 | “Connecting People with Nature” | to highlight the crucial role we play in protecting the planet, to which we are closely linked and depend on, with official celebrations taking place in Canada. |
| 2018 | “Beat Plastic Pollution” | hosted by India |
| 2019 | “Beat Air Pollution”, | an issue chosen by China, a country deeply affected by this environmental problem. |
People depend on biodiversity in their daily lives, in ways that are not always apparent or appreciated. Human health ultimately depends on ecosystem products and services (such as the availability of fresh water, food, and fuel sources) that are necessary for good human health and productive livelihoods. Biodiversity loss can have significant direct impacts on human health if ecosystem services are no longer sufficient to meet social needs. Indirectly, changes in ecosystem services affect livelihoods, incomes, local migration, and sometimes can even cause political conflict.
Furthermore, the biophysical diversity of microorganisms, flora and fauna provides in-depth knowledge that has important advantages for the biological, health and pharmacological sciences. Important medical and pharmacological discoveries are made through a better understanding of Earth’s biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity can limit the discovery of potential treatments for many diseases and health problems.
Your Comprehensive Guide to the Common University Entrance Exam LLB (CUET LLB)
Delhi University to Launch One-Year Postgraduate Programme in 2026
CLAT 2025 Counselling Registration Window Closes Today
The Surge in Indian Students Studying Abroad | A Five-Year Analysis
IIM CAT Result 2024 | 14 Candidates Score Perfect 100 Percentile
AIBE 19 Exam 2024 | Complete Guide
NLSIU Bengaluru to Launch 3-Year BA (Hons) Programme in 2025 | Key Details
CUET-UG to Be Fully Online: Key Changes Announced by UGC
D.Pharma Course in India | Careers After Class 12th
The Draft UGC (Minimum Standards of Instructions in the Award of UG and PG Degrees) Regulations 2024 | A Comprehensive Overview
4th february: World Cancer Day
World Cancer Day 2021
World Cancer Day; annually observed on February 4, which aims to raise awareness and reduce the stigma surrounding the disease, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide.
- Each year, February 4 is celebrated as World Cancer Day to raise awareness about cancer and reduce the stigma surrounding the disease, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide.
- This international day is a “global trade union initiative” led by the International Union for the Fight against Cancer (UICC) and aims to promote the prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer as soon as possible.
- World Cancer Day was first established at the World Cancer Summit for the New Millennium, held in Paris on February 4, 2000. This day celebrates the anniversary of the signing of the “Charter of Paris against cancer” by the Director-General of UNESCO, Kōichirō Matsuura and French President Jacques Chirac.
- The celebration of World Cancer Day aims to reduce the global impact of cancer and support cancer patients and survivors by catalyzing personal, collective and government action.
- World Cancer Day also focuses on misinformation and cancer stigma. In India the most common types of cancer are breast, mouth, cervical, lung, stomach and colorectal cancers, so it is imperative to provide people with the correct information and timely medical care.
- As a day observed by the United Nations, World Cancer Day aims to unite the international community to support those affected by cancer and also calls on all citizens of the world to take action against this disease.
- Since its inception, World Cancer Day has been celebrated taking into account certain themes that would guide the agenda of celebrations and campaigns.
- In 2019, the theme “I am and I will do” was introduced and will continue until 2021.
- This multi-year campaign focused on the community as a whole and the actions that each individual can take to reduce the impact global from cancer.
- According to the World Cancer Day website, the main goal is to focus on positive actions to achieve “the goal of reducing the number of premature deaths from cancer and noncommunicable diseases by a third by 2030”.
48,000 jhuggis demolition
The Delhi government and the Northern Railway tried to devise a plan to demolish 48,000 jhuggis that had been built along the city’s 140 km of railway lines and to rehabilitate the inhabitants of those houses.
- The demolition order was approved by the Supreme Court on August 31, which also said that no other court would grant a stay on the matter.
- Former Union Housing and Urban Poverty Reduction Minister Ajay Maken appealed against the order, the Delhi government called the address illegal, and the Center submitted to the court that the demolition will not take place before it is deposited. a rehabilitation plan, the case was postponed for four weeks.
What does the court order say and what does it mean?
The writ petition case currently pending before the Supreme Court, in which the August 31 order to remove the jhuggis was approved, was filed in 1985 by attorney MC Mehta for air contamination in Delhi.
- Several other petitions and requests were subsequently associated with the original petition and the scope of the petition was expanded to include vehicle pollution, garbage disposal, air quality, etc.
- In the present case, the court heard a case related to the dumping of waste on the roads, in which the body in charge of the SC – Authority (Prevention and Control) of Environmental Pollution – presented a report and the Civic and Railroad Administration of the North was a party in the case.
- The court said affidavits filed by Northern Railway indicated that there were jhuggis along 140 kilometers of railroad tracks in the state.
“Apart from that, some 70 km of road length are affected by large groups of jhuggi jhopri that exist near the tracks. These groups number around 48,000 jhuggis in the area adjacent to the railway lines, ”
the court said, ordering that a comprehensive jhuggi elimination plan be gradually implemented.
“Invasions discovered in the safe areas must be eliminated within three months and there must be no interference, political or otherwise, and no court will grant a stay regarding the elimination of invasions in the area by,”
he said.
- The withdrawal will result in hundreds of thousands of people being left on the road during the pandemic, if the Center (Northern Railway) and the State (Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board) fail to come up with a plan soon. for the resettlement and rehabilitation of these people.
- The court will hear the case in October, when the Delhi government and Northern Railway are expected to reach an agreement on the best way to rehabilitate the residents.
What are the existing rules for rehabbing the jhuggi cluster?
In a letter to the Northern Railway, the Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB) said that the decision to demolish the jhuggis without making any other arrangements is illegal, as provided in the Delhi Laws Act 2 of 2011 (Provisions special) protection against demolition without rehabilitation of the inhabitants of jhuggi.
- It also cites the Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board Act 2010, under which the Delhi and JJ Slum Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy was notified in 2017.
- As part of this policy, jhuggi groups that arose before January 2015 will not be demolished without providing alternative housing.
- After this deadline, all emerging jhuggis will be demolished without providing alternative accommodation.
- The preferred rehabilitation plan, as part of the policy, is one-off, in which groups of slums are demolished, permanent houses are built on the same land or within a 5-kilometer radius, and slum dwellers are displaced, come back after the houses are built.
- DUSIB will take land from the agency that owns the land and build houses. The policy states that of the land released after the removal of the slum conglomerates, 60 percent will be used for on-site development to rehabilitate slum dwellers, while the remainder can be used as a resource.
- In cases where the basti is located in the railway safety zone, the on-site development may be canceled and relocation proposed. This clause also applies to slums that must be demolished by court order if the particular land is needed for a specific public project. The protocol includes surveys to determine eligibility.
What is the Shakur Basti judgment, which the state government and Congress leader Ajay Maken have also cited to try and stop demolition without rehabilitation?
- In 2015, Congress leader Ajay Maken filed a lawsuit against the demolition of more than 1,000 jhuggis along the railroad tracks in Shakur Basti. In its March 2019 ruling, the Delhi High Court ruled that once a jhuggi was eligible for pardon, residents should not be considered illegal invaders.
“The right to housing is a set of rights that is not limited to bare shelter on the head. It includes the right to a means of subsistence, the right to health, the right to education and the right to food, including the right to drinking water, to sewers and to transport ”,
he said.
“The law explained by the Supreme Court in several of its decisions and the decision in Sudama Singh discourages a narrow view of the inhabitant of a JJ (jhuggi jhopdi) basti or jhuggi as a squatter without rights. They recognize that the right to adequate housing is a multifaceted right that preserves a person’s ability to enjoy the freedom to live in cities. They recognize these people as rights holders whose full range of constitutional guarantees must be recognized, protected and enforced. Once a JJ basti / groupement is eligible for rehabilitation, agencies should stop viewing JJ residents as “illegal invaders,”
Judge S Muralidhar and Judge Vibhu Bakhru said.
He said there was no possibility of eviction until an investigation was conducted, arrangements for rehabilitation were made and time was allowed to move to the new site. This principle should apply to all evictions.
Who is responsible for rehabilitation?
The issue of rehabilitating the residents of jhuggi is fraught with conflict, as the problems associated with the multiplicity of authorities in Delhi also spoil this process. Most of the land comes under the control of the Center through the Delhi Development Authority.
- The railway also has an important part. DUSIB, which is the main slum rehabilitation agency, reports to the Delhi government, while municipal corporations which are supposed to control the invasion and carry out demolition in some cases with the police, are under the Center.
- Depending on the rehabilitation policy, if the slum cluster is located on central government or agency land, the agency can either rehabilitate the residents itself or contact DUSIB.
- If they contact DUSIB, they will have to pay the cost of construction, the cost of the land (based on institutional rates) and the cost of moving. DUSIB said the cost of the relocation would be between Rs 7.55 lakh and Rs 11.30 lakh per house, depending on the location.
- The railways and DUSIB must now decide which of these models to follow before implementing the Supreme Court’s order to demolish the jhuggis.
- DUSIB told Northern Railway that it has built 29,257 floors, but they won’t be available until March of next year.
46th G -7 Summit
US President Donald Trump cancelled a face-to-face summit of G7 leaders in June and now wishes to host an enlarged meeting in September devoted to the fight against China, to which Vladimir Putin would be invited.
Trump’s new plan, presented to host an enlarged G7 meeting that includes Russia, Australia, South Korea and India, dedicated to building an alliance against China. The plan is likely to be controversial as Russia has been banned at Western-led summits since Putin’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, and is not seen as a natural ally in defending human rights in Hong Kong. The G7 brings the USA together United States, Japan, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada and Italy.
“Now that our Country is ‘Transitioning back to Greatness,’ I am considering rescheduling the G-7, on the same or similar date, in Washington, DC, at the legendary Camp David. The other members are also beginning their COMEBACK. It would be a great sign to all – normalization!”
Trump tweeted on 20th May 2020
This contradicts the previous US government announcement that the G7 meeting would be a teleconference following the coronavirus pandemic. The White House however confirmed within a few days that the meeting would be held on June 25 and 26. It was originally scheduled from June 10 to 12 at Camp David.
The 46th G7 Summit of the Group of Seven leaders was originally scheduled to take place from June 10 to 12, 2020 in Camp David, United States. The last meeting of the group of nations of the G7, that is to say the 45th summit, was organized in the French seaside resort of Biarritz.
What is the G-7?
The G7 (or Group of Seven) is an organization made up of the seven largest advanced economies in the world: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The group sees itself as “a community of values”, with freedom and human rights, democracy and the rule of law, and prosperity and sustainable development as key principles.
The initial group of six first met in 1975 to exchnage the idea on possible solutions to a global economic crisis, Canada joined later in 1976.
G7 ministers and officials meet throughout the year to discuss issues of mutual interest. Each member country chairs the G7 for one year on an ongoing basis and hosts the annual two-day central summit.
Energy policy, climate change, HIV / AIDS and global security are just a few of the topics discussed at previous summits. At the end of the summit, a statement is issued detailing what has been agreed.
Participants include the heads of government of the G7 countries as well as the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Council. Traditionally, representatives of other nations and international organizations are also invited to attend.
The G7 highlights a number of successes, including assistance in launching a global fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, has claimed to save 27 million lives since 2002, also claims to have been a driving force behind the implementation of the Paris climate agreement of 2016, although the United States has notified their withdrawal.
Despite having the world’s largest population and its second largest economy, China’s relatively low level of per capita wealth means that it is not seen as an advanced economy in the manner of G7 members, although it is part of the larger nation of the G20, which benefits from several modern cities, such as Shanghai.
Russia joined the group, which was later known as the G8, in 1998, but was suspended in 2014 after Crimea annexed from Ukraine. The President of the United States, Donald Trump, believes that the country should be readmitted.
There are no G7 members from Africa, Latin America or the southern hemisphere. And it faces a challenge from fast-growing emerging economies, like India and Brazil who, though represented in the G20 group of economies, are not members of the G7.
- Your Comprehensive Guide to the Common University Entrance Exam LLB (CUET LLB)
- Delhi University to Launch One-Year Postgraduate Programme in 2026
- CLAT 2025 Counselling Registration Window Closes Today
- The Surge in Indian Students Studying Abroad | A Five-Year Analysis
- IIM CAT Result 2024 | 14 Candidates Score Perfect 100 Percentile
