BLOGS
UP’s big “Film City” Plan
Uttar Pradesh Prime Minister Yogi Adityanath on Tuesday (September 22nd) unveiled an ambitious plan to create a “city of cinema” and invited the cinema fraternity to come to the state.
- The CM announced that 1,000 acres had been identified at Gautam Budh Nagar by the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA), where a dedicated infotainment zone with world-class civil, public and technological facilities would be established, a statement said.
- CM Adityanath announced Friday, September 18 that “the largest and most beautiful film city in the country” would be established in the district of Gautam Budh Nagar. Filmmaker Madhur Bhandarkar visited him on Sunday and Tuesday, several movie personalities including Anupam Kher, Udit Narayan and Satish Kaushik attended a meeting with Adityanath.
- While there is enthusiasm for the project, with government officials indicating that it is also intended to create employment opportunities in the state, this is not the first time that a UP government has attempted to woo the film industry to establish a base in the state. These first attempts failed to start.
What has the government announced and what follow-up actions have been taken?
On September 18, while leading a Meerut Division review meeting, Chief Minister Adityanath ordered officials to search for land under the jurisdiction of NOIDA, the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority or the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority. create a “city of cinema”. The move garnered a lot of attention and sparked reactions from the film industry.
- The officials acted quickly, and on the same day the “expression of interest” was asked to appoint an agency to assess options for creating the “cinema city or infotainment zone”. Interested agencies were invited to submit their application within the following 15 days.
Has the government done anything so far to demonstrate its commitment to the film industry?
In recent years, the UP has offered financial incentives of up to Rs 2 crore to attract filmmakers to the state. The scripts for these films are approved by the state government, and these films must meet certain criteria under applicable state film policy.
- Under the policy, a film made in Awadhi, Braj, Bundeli or Bhojpuri can receive up to 50% of the cost of the film as a grant, and up to 25% of the cost if made in Hindi, in English or any other language. another language.
- This subsidy is subject to a maximum limit of Rs 1 crore if at least 50 percent of the filming was done in the state, and Rs 2 crore if two-thirds of the film is shot in UP.
- The policy also provides for additional incentives if the director shoots a second or third film also in the state; In such cases, the maximum subsidy may reach Rs 2.50 crore provided that two-thirds of the shooting days are as-is for one-third of successive films by the same director or producer.
- While five main artists in the film are from Uttar Pradesh, the state provides an additional subsidy of Rs 25 lakh for salaries; In case all the artists are from the state, the producer can receive up to Rs 50 lakh.
- The policy also proposes that if a producer after filming of the film carries out his processing in the State, then 50 percent of the cost of processing, up to a maximum of Rs 50 lakh, would be awarded as an additional grant.
- The policy further proposes that if a film training institute is established in a major city other than Noida or Greater Noida, the state would provide 50 percent, or up to Rs 50 lakh, of the cost as a grant.
- “Film Bandhu” has awarded a grant of Rs 22.59 million to 38 large and small films in Hindi and Bhojpuri over the past three years, which have shot at least half of the film in UP.
Which films have benefited from this desire to attract filmmakers?
- Films that received 2 million rupees include Akshay Kumar’s Jolly LLB 2 and Toilet: Ek Prem Katha; while those who received over Rs 1 crore include Shaadi Mein Zaroor Aana, Sonu ke Titu ki Sweety, Lupt and Kaashi in search of Ganga.
- Bhojpuri’s Saiyaan Superstar film received Rs 64 lakh, and Dabang Sarkar received Rs 61 lakh. Like other states, UP also grants tax breaks on films.
How were the previous attempts to create a “film city” in UP?
In 2015, two film cities were proposed in Uttar Pradesh and agreements were signed in the presence of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav, director and producer Boney Kapoor and Bhojpuri actor (now (Gorakhpur BJP hui MP) Ravi Kishan One of these film cities was offered along the Lucknow-Agra highway, and the other in the Trans Ganga City project in Unnao.
- The government had offered about 300 acres of land to each of these two proposed film cities. They were offered a public-private partnership model, with a proposed investment of around Rs 700 crore.
- However, neither project saw the light. Government sources said the projects could not move forward largely because they were not He was able to agree on the precise location of the land, Ravi Kishan had wanted land around Gorakhpur.
- In fact, the practice of offering incentives to filmmakers is quite old – some government officials have said this has been around since 1998 and subsequent governments have continued the policy after making changes.
- The Akhilesh government increased the subsidy from Rs 1 crore to Rs 2 crore, and relaxed the previous requirement that at least 70% of the film be shot in UP, to 50%.
United Nations World Food Program (WFP)
The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced on Friday the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize to the United Nations World Food Program (WFP), “for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to improving peace conditions in areas affected by conflicts and for acting as the engine of efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict ”.
- WFP is the 28th organization to receive the Nobel Peace Prize since its inception in 1901.
What is WFP ?
- It was created in 1961. The president of the United States, Dwight Eisenhower, then suggested the idea of providing food aid through the United Nations system.
- Months after its inception, WFP faced a humanitarian crisis when more than 12,000 people were killed in an earthquake in Boein Zahra, northern Iran. WFP shipped tons of wheat, sugar and tea.
- Subsequently, it played an important role in providing food aid in Thailand and Algeria.
- Details on WFP’s websites show that it launched its first development program in 1963 for the Nubians in Sudan.
- The same year, WFP’s first school meals project was approved in Togo. Two years later, WFP has become a full United Nations program.
- WFP is based in Rome, Italy. It is led by an Executive Council, which consists of 36 member states.
- It is headed by an Executive Director, jointly appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The Executive Director is appointed for fixed terms of five years.
What is the scope of WFP’s work ?
- Today, WFP is the world’s largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger.
- In 2019, it helped 97 million people, the majority since 2012, in 88 countries, says WFP.
- In the same year, it shipped about 4.4 million tons of food, bought $ 1.7 billion in food from 91 countries, and $ 762 million in goods and services from 156 countries.
- Every day, WFP has 5,600 trucks, 30 ships and nearly 100 aircraft on the move, delivering food and other assistance to those who need it most.
“Each year, we distribute more than 15 billion servings at an estimated average cost per serving of $ 0.61. These numbers are the foundation of WFP’s unrivaled reputation as an emergency response, quickly getting to work on a large scale in the most challenging environments, ”
wfp sAID
- WFP India said in a statement: “From the reconstruction of post-war South Korea in the late 1960s, to the emergency response after the genocides in Cambodia and Rwanda, the long-standing South Sudan and the most recent wars in Yemen and Syria, WFP is a constant presence for the poor and destitute, refugees and the dispossessed. “
Why does the world need a feeding program?
- Eradicating hunger is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030. WFP is the lead United Nations agency working to achieve this goal.
- According to WFP, there are 690 million hungry people in the world and approximately 60% of them live in countries affected by conflict.
- The number of hungry people is expected to increase further due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
- WFP estimates suggest that by 2030, almost half of the world’s poor will live in situations of fragility and conflict.
- It indicates that people living in countries facing protracted crises are more than twice as likely to be undernourished than others (2.5 times more).
What is the role of WFP in India?
- WFP has been working in India since 1963, two years after its creation. In addition to focusing on specific public distribution system reforms, it provides political input, advocacy, and technical assistance to improve access to food.
- WFP has proposed unique initiatives such as the automatic grain distributor (Annapurti) and mobile storage units for the effective implementation of the TPDS.
- Annapurti allows beneficiaries to withdraw their quota of food grains precisely and at the time of their choosing. It can dispense two products at a rate of 25 kg every 1.3 minutes. It has a storage capacity of 200 kg to 500 kg.
- According to WFP India, it has completed a pilot project on the fortification of rice used as part of the government lunch program in Varanasi.
- Since December 2018, 4,145 tons of fortified rice have been produced and 300,000 schoolchildren fed, it says.
- Even during the pandemic, WFP India worked with central and state governments. For example, They signed a memorandum of understanding with the Rural Livelihoods Mission of the State of Uttar Pradesh.
- Under this agreement, WFP will provide technical assistance for the establishment of supplementary nutrition production units in 18 districts in order to provide quality food to some 33 lakh beneficiaries of the Anganwadi (Integrated Child Development Services) program. He also prepared a guidance note for reopening schools during the pandemic.
What did the Nobel committee say in awarding the prize ?
- The Norwegian Nobel Committee highlighted WFP’s work to end hunger and underlined its role in the aftermath of the Covid-19 epidemic.
- “The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to a sharp increase in the number of hungry people around the world. In countries like Yemen, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, South Sudan and Burkina Faso, the combination of violent conflict and a pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the number of people on the brink of famine Said the Committee.
- “In the face of the pandemic, the World Food Program has demonstrated an impressive capacity to step up its efforts. As the organization itself said, “Until the day we have a medical vaccine, food is the best vaccine against chaos,” they said.
Union Cabinet decisions
The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, met on Monday, June 1, 2020. During this meeting, historic decisions were made that will have a transformative impact on the lives of Indian farmers, the MSME sector and those who work as street vendors.
Highlights
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, commonly known as MSMEs, are the backbone of the Indian economy. Operating in silence in different regions of the country, more than 6 crore MSMEs have a crucial role to play in building a stronger and more self- reliant India.
There is a proposal for provisioning of Rs 20,000 crore as subordinate debt to provide equity support to the stressed MSMEs has been formally approved by the cabinet at this meeting, this will benefit 2 lakh stressed MSMEs.
Another proposal for equity infusion of Rs. 50,000 crores for MSMEs through fund of funds has also been approved by the Cabinet. This will establish a framework to help MSMEs in managing the debt-equity ratio and in their capacity augmentation. This will also provide an opportunity to get listed in stock exchanges.
The Government of India today decided for further upward revision of MSME definition. In the package announcement, the definition of micro manufacturing and services unit was increased to Rs. 1 crore of investment and Rs. 5 crore of turnover. The limit of small unit was increased to Rs. 10 crore of investment and Rs 50 crore of turnover. Similarly, The limit of a medium unit was increased to Rs 50 crore of investment and Rs. 250 crore of turnover.
It may be noted that this revision was done after 14 years since the MSME Development Act came into existence in 2006. It has also been decided that the turnover with respect to exports will not be counted in the limits of turnover for any category of MSME units whether micro, small or medium.
At present, around 63.4 million MSME units in India contribute around 6.11 percent of manufacturing GDP and 24.63 percent of services GDP as well as 33.4 percent of India’s manufacturing output. They provide more than 11 crore jobs.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has launched a Special Micro-Credit Facility Scheme – PM SVANidhi ( PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi), for providing affordable loans to street vendors.
This scheme will go a long way in enabling them to resume work and earn livelihoods. More than 50 lakh people, including vendors, street vendors, thelewalas, rehriwala, theliphadwala, etc., in different areas / contexts are likely to benefit from this scheme.
The products they supply range from vegetables, fruits, ready-to-eat street food, tea, pakodas, bread, eggs, textiles, clothing, shoes, crafts, books / stationery, etc. Services include hairdresser, shoemakers, flower pots, shops, laundry services, etc.
Sellers can benefit from a working capital loan of up to Rs. 10,000, repayable in monthly installments within one year. During the rapid / advance payment of the loan, an interest subsidy of 7% per year will be credited to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries by means of a direct transfer of benefits every six months.
There will be no penalty for early repayment of the loan. This is the first time that MFIs / NBFCs / SHG Banks have been allowed to participate in a program for the urban poor due to their presence at ground level and their proximity to the urban poor, including street vendors.
The IT platform will also help in integrating the vendors into the formal financial system. This platform will integrate the web portal/ mobile app with UdyamiMitra portal of SIDBI for credit management and PAiSA portal of MoHUA to administer interest subsidy automatically.
The scheme incentivises digital transactions by the street vendors through monthly cash back. MoHUA in collaboration with State Governments, State Missions of DAY-NULM, ULBs, SIDBI, CGTMSE, NPCI and Digital Payment Aggregators will also launch a capacity building and financial literacy programme of all the stakeholders and IEC activities throughout the country during the month of June and loaning will commence in the month of July.
The Government of India has also decided to extend the repayment date to 08.31.2020 for all short-term loans up to Rs.3 advanced lakh for agriculture and related banking. Farmers will also benefit from an interest subsidy and an incentive to pay quickly.
The agricultural short-term loan due between 1st March 2020 and 31stAugust 2020 will continue to get benefit of 2% Interest Subvention (IS) to Banks and 3% Prompt Repayment Incentive (PRI) to farmers.
For the Kharif season 2020-21, the government has kept its promise of fixing the MSP at a level of at least 1.5 times of the cost of production. MSP of 14 crops for the Kharif season 2020-21 has been announced, based on the recommendation of CACP.
The return over cost for theses 14 crops ranges from 50% to 83%. The expected returns to farmers over their cost of production are estimated to be highest in case of bajra (83%) followed by urad (64%), tur (58%) and maize (53%).
For the rest of the crops, return to farmers over their cost of production is estimated to be at least 50%.
The MSP for paddy (common) has been increased by Rs. 53 per quintal, to Rs.1868 per quintal, while that of cotton was increased by Rs.260 per quintal to Rs.5,515 for medium staple variety, and by Rs.275 per quintal to Rs.5,825 for long staple variety.
The highest increase in MSP is proposed for nigerseed (Rs.755 per quintal), followed by sesamum (Rs.370 per quintal) and urad (Rs.300 per quintal).
Among cereals, the government increased the support price of bajra by Rs.150 to Rs.2,150 per quintal for this year, while that of ragi has been raised by Rs.145 to Rs.3,295 per quintal and maize by Rs.90 per quintal to Rs.1,8 50 per quintal for the current year, likewise, the MSP for jowar has been increased by Rs.70 per quintal for this year.
The government has increased the MSP of urad by Rs.300 per quintal to Rs.6,000 per quintal, while that of tur has been raised by Rs.200 per quintal to Rs.6,000 per quintal. The MSP of moong has also been increased by Rs.146 per quintal to Rs.7,196 per quintal.
Union Cabinet decisions
Union Cabinet met second time this month, as today the cabinet approved “Trade in Agricultural Products (Promotion and Facilitation) Ordinance, 2020”.
The ordinance will create an ecosystem where farmers and traders will enjoy freedom of choice in the sale and purchase of agricultural products, the ordinance was adopted to allow farmers to interact with processors, aggregators, large retailers and exporters.
The cabinet approved the removal of restrictions on the sale of agricultural products. Farmers will now be free to sell products outside of the APMC. Farmers will be able to sell products on electronic platforms and there will be no sales tax on agricultural products outside of APMC markets.
About 9.5 lakh farmers have benefited from this step. The 2020 Ordinance on Trade and Marketing of Agricultural Products (Promotion and Facilitation) guarantees free trade without barriers for agricultural products. The farmers’ agreement (empowerment and protection) on price guarantees and the agricultural services ordinance of 2020 will allow farmers to engage with processors, aggregators, large retailers and exporters’ equality without fear of exploitation.
What is APMC?
The Agricultural Products Market Committee (APMC) is a statutory market committee established by a state government for the trade of certain agricultural, horticultural or livestock products notified in accordance with the Law of the Committee of Agricultural Products Committee Published by this state government.
APMCs objectives
- To ensure transparency in pricing system and transactions taking place in market area;
- To provide market-led extension services to farmers;
- To ensure payment for agricultural produce sold by farmers on the same day;
- To promote agricultural processing including activities for value addition in agricultural produce;
- To Publicize data on arrivals and rates of agricultural produce brought into the market area for sale; and
- To setup and promote public private partnership in the management of agricultural markets
The Union Cabinet also approved the decision to rename the port of Kolkata to the Shyama Prasad Mookerjee Port.
Shyama Prasad Mookherjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh who later became the BJP. He was the Minister of Industry and Supply of India. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee was known to be a staunch critic of the Congress party in independent India. He is opposed to article 370 and declared himself dissatisfied with the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. He was also president of Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha from 1943 to 1946. Mookerjee was arrested there by J&K police and later died in custody on June 23, 1953.
The cabinet also approved the creation of the Pharmacopoeia Commission for the medicine and homeopathy of India (PCIM & H) as a subordinate office of the AYUSH ministry.
UNFPA World Population Report 2020
UNFPO World Population Report 2020 titled, ‘Against my will: defying the practices that harm women and girls and undermine equality’ has estimated that 142 million girls are missing globally and 46 million girls are missing in India due to gender-biased sex selection.
Highlights
- United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates show that gender-biased (pre-natal) sex selection accounts for about 2 out of 3 of the total missing girls in India and post-birth female mortality accounts for about 1 in 3.
- China (50%) and India (40%) together account for about 90 per cent of the estimated 1.2 million missing female births annually worldwide due to gender-biased (prenatal) sex selection.
- According to estimates of missing female births due to pre-natal gender biased sex selection, averaged over a five- year period (2013-17), annually, there were 1.2 million missing female births at a global level. India had about 460,000 girls ‘missing’ at birth each year.
- India’s Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2018 has registered the sex ratio at birth is 899 for every 1000 boys born during the period 2016-18.
- Nine states have sex ratio at birth below 900 — Haryana, Uttarakand, Delhi, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Bihar.
- The report says that while progress has been made in ending some harmful practices worldwide, the Covid-19 pandemic threatens to reverse gains. A recent analysis revealed that if services and programmes remain shuttered for six months, an additional 13 million girls may be forced into marriage and 2 million more girls may be subjected to female genital mutilation between now and 2030.
What is UNFPA ?
UNFPA is the United Nations sexual and reproductive health agency. This organization’s mission is to deliver a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person’s potential is fulfilled. UNFPA is formally named the United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA calls for the realization of reproductive rights for all and supports access to a wide range of sexual and reproductive health services – including voluntary family planning, maternal health care and comprehensive sexuality education.The organization was created in 1969, the same year the United Nations General Assembly declared “parents have the exclusive right to determine freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children.”
What UNFPA Does?
- Reproductive health care for women and youth in more than 150 countries – which are home to more than 80 per cent of the world’s population.
- The health of pregnant women, especially the 1 million who face life-threatening complications each month.
- Reliable access to modern contraceptives sufficient to benefit 20 million women a year.
- Training of thousands of health workers to help ensure at least 90 per cent of all childbirths are supervised by skilled attendants.
- Prevention of gender-based violence, which affects 1 in 3 women.
- Abandonment of female genital mutilation, which harms 3 million girls annually.
- Prevention of teen pregnancies, complications of which are the leading cause of death for girls 15-19 years old..
- Efforts to end child marriage, which could affect an estimated 70 million girls over the next 5 years.
- Delivery of safe birth supplies, dignity kits and other life-saving materials to survivors of conflict and natural disaster.
- Censuses, data collection and analyses, which are essential for development planning
UGC NET December 2022: NTA sets upper age limit for JRF
The NTA has decided that the deadline for determining the upper age limit for applying for the JRF is 1 December 2022. The official notice is now available on the official website: nta.ac.in.
UGC NET December 2022: The National Testing Agency (NTA) has issued an important notice regarding the upper age limit for UGC NET December 2022. The official notice is now available on the official website: nta.ac.in.
The Agency said it has received representations from applicants to set the deadline for calculating the age limit for applying for the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).
“The UGC NET office (see Letter No. 4-1/2019 (NET/NTA) dated January 2, 2023) has requested the NTA to set the upper age limit for applying for the JRF to December 1, 2022 instead of the February 1, 2023,”
the official statement read.
In view of these representations, the Agency has decided that the deadline for determining the upper age limit for applying for the JRF is December 1, 2022 for the December 2022 UGC-NET exam. Interested candidates should not be over the age of 30, as of December 1, 2022.
A relaxation of up to 5 years is provided for candidates belonging to the OBC-NCL (according to the OBC Central List available on the site) /SC/ST/PwD/ third gender categories and female candidates. In addition, flexibility will also be granted to candidates with research experience, limited to the period spent on research in the relevant/related subject of the postgraduate degree, subject to a maximum of 5 years, upon presentation of a certificate from the competent authority, which must be a recognized Indian university / an institute of national importance / a duly approved / recognized / accredited foreign university in its own country / a public sector enterprise of the Government of India / the government of India Indian state. The NTA also clarified that there is no upper age limit for applying to UGC-NET as an assistant professor. Further relaxations are available on the official NTA website.
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UGC NET 2021 | Follow These Prep Tips to ace the exam
The NTA will organize the UGC NET 2021 exam from November 20 to December 5, 2021. Admit cards for the exam will be released soon on ugcnet.nta.nic.in.
The National Testing Agency (NTA) will organize the 2021 University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test (UGC NET) from November 20 to December 5, 2021. Once qualified, candidates for the exam will be able to practice their teaching profession at renowned universities and institutes in India. Since this is a national-level exam, the competition is stiff and candidates must follow a sound preparation strategy for preparation.
The UGC NET 2021 exam model includes two tests: test I is common to all and test II is specifically based on the field selected by the candidate. The first section covers 50 questions for 100 marks, while the second covers 100 questions for 200 marks. To try and complete the two tests, candidates will have 3 hours.
With the exam fast approaching and the UGC NET 2021 admit card about to be published on the official website ugcnet.nta.nic.in, here are some last minute tips and tricks to be successful at UGC NET 2021.
- For Reasoning ability, practice at least 30 questions every day. However, these questions should be based on a large number of topics. Try to understand and solve the problem without checking the options. After all, this topic aims to test logic and thinking skills.
- To gain control of reading Comprehension, candidates must spend 30 minutes a day reading renowned national newspapers. One newspaper in English a day is considered sufficient to improve comprehension resolution skills. For grammar practice, solve the relevant exercises given in Wren & Martin.
- There is no set method or trick to prepare for the Divergent Thinking section. However, by solving mock UGC NET tests by chapter and by full chunk, one can become familiar with this topic. The key is not just solving the problem, but understanding the approach behind such problems.
- For the General awareness section, no additional preparation is necessary, as reading a national newspaper on CR can also be helpful here. In addition to the logs, there are several YouTube videos that provide the important dates and information to decipher this section. Make sure to watch these videos, at least in the last 5 days before the exam.
- For test II, applicants will need to complete their Bachelor’s and Master’s program to pass this section.
With 20 days remaining for the exam, candidates should focus on the three R’s: review, revisit, and correct. Review by solving at least one mock test and UGC NET quiz from the previous year each day, within a limited time frame. After solving these tests, look for vulnerable areas and review them to understand what went wrong. Finally, reread these areas instead of starting something new.
UGC allows students to follow two full-time university
UGC has announced guidelines for students to earn two degrees simultaneously in physical, online, or combined online mode with NEP to provide more student flexibility and customization in higher education.
The guidelines will apply to all programs available across the country. Students can choose a combination of a diploma program and a bachelor’s degree (UG), two master’s programs, or two bachelor’s programs.
- In a virtual media briefing, UGC President, Mr. Jagadesh Kumar revealed UGC’s latest plan to allow students to pursue two concurrent university programs including full-time degree courses.
- He said that according to the National Education Policy (NEP), the latest initiative aims to provide the flexibility and personalization of higher education and even to enable multidisciplinary multidisciplinary education for students.
- With this decision, students will be able to follow two UG or PG degrees together in the physical + physical or physical + online or online + online modality.
- Kumar also informed that major universities in India have the option to offer online degree courses and further guidelines on this will be notified in two weeks.
- The official list of UGC guidelines for pursuing two degrees or concurrent university programs is expected to be uploaded to the UGC website. The new measure will be applicable from the 2022-23 academic year.
- The commission has drawn up a set of guidelines in this regard, which will be published on the official website of the UGC. Previously, UGC regulations did not allow students to pursue two full-time programs and could only pursue a full-time degree with online/short-term/degree courses.
- The guidelines will apply to all programs available across the country. Students can choose a combination of a diploma program and a bachelor’s degree (UG), two master’s programs, or two bachelor’s programs.
- If a student is eligible to pursue a UG degree and also wishes to enroll in a bachelor’s degree in a different field, they may pursue a UG and PG degree simultaneously. Class time for the two programs should not coincide.
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern
The UG-CLAT 2023 would focus on the assessment of the candidates’ comprehension and reasoning abilities and skills. In general, it is designed to be a test of aptitude and skills necessary for legal training rather than prerequisite knowledge, although prerequisite knowledge can sometimes be useful in answering questions in the Current Affairs section.
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern: UG-CLAT 2023 will be a 2 hour test, with 150 multiple choice questions worth 1 point each. There will be a negative score of 0.25 points for each incorrect answer. These questions would be divided into the following 5 topics:
- English Language
- Current Affairs, including General Knowledge
- Legal Reasoning
- Logical Reasoning
- Quantitative Techniques
English Language
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern: In this section of UG-CLAT 2023 you will be provided with passages of approximately 450 words each. These passages will be derived from contemporary or historically significant fiction and nonfiction writing, and would be at a level that a standard 12th grader could read in approximately 5-7 minutes. Each passage will be followed by a series of questions asking you to demonstrate your understanding and language skills, including your ability to:
- Read and understand the main point discussed in the passage, as well as all arguments and points of view discussed or stated in the passage;
- Draw inferences and conclusions based on the passage;
- Summarize the passage;
- Compare and contrast the different arguments or points of view presented in the passage; and
- Understand the meaning of the different words and phrases used in the passage.
Current affairs, including general knowledge
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern: In this section, you will receive passages of up to 450 words each. Passages will be derived from short stories, journalistic sources, and other nonfiction writings. Questions may include a review of legal information or knowledge discussed in or related to the passage, but will not require any additional knowledge of law beyond the passage.
Each passage will be followed by a series of questions that will ask you to demonstrate your knowledge of various aspects of the news and your general knowledge, including:
- Significant contemporary events from India and the world;
- Art and culture;
- International matters; and
- Historical events of continuing importance.
Legal reasoning
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern: In this section, you will have to read passages of approximately 450 words each. Passages may relate to factual situations or scenarios involving legal issues, public policy issues, or moral philosophical investigations. You will not need any prior knowledge of law. You will benefit from a general knowledge of contemporary legal and moral issues to better apply general principles or propositions to given factual scenarios. Each passage would be followed by a series of questions asking you to:
- Identify and deduce the rules and principles established in the passage;
- Apply these rules and principles to various factual situations; and
- Understand how changes in rules or principles can alter their application to various factual situations.
Logical reasoning
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern: The Logical Reasoning section of the UG-CLAT 2023 will consist of a series of short passages of approximately 300 words each. Each passage will be followed by one or more questions that will ask you to:
- Recognize an argument, its premises and conclusions;
- Read and identify the arguments established in the passage;
- Critically analyze patterns of reasoning and assess how conclusions may depend on particular premises or evidence;
- Deduce what follows from the passage and apply these deductions to new situations;
- Establish relationships and analogies, identify contradictions and equivalences and evaluate the effectiveness of arguments.
Quantitative techniques
UG-CLAT 2023 Exam Pattern: The Quantitative Techniques section of UG-CLAT 2023 will include brief sets of facts or propositions, graphs, or other textual, pictorial, or schematic representations of numerical information, followed by a series of questions. You will be required to obtain information from these passages, graphs or other representations, and to apply mathematical operations to this information. The questions will require that:
- Derive, infer and manipulate the numerical information presented in such passages, graphics or other representations;
- Apply a variety of standard Grade 10 math operations on this information, including areas such as ratios and proportions, basic algebra, statistical measurement, and estimation.
UG Question Paper Format
- Maximum Marks: 150
- Duration of CLAT 2022 Exam: 120 Minutes
- Multiple-Choice Questions: 150 questions of one mark each
- Negative Marking: 0.25 Mark for each wrong answer
| Subject Areas with weightage: | (approximate number of questions) |
| English Language | 28-32 questions, or roughly 20% of the paper |
| Current Affairs, including General Knowledge | 35-39 questions, or roughly 25% of the paper |
| Legal Reasoning | 35-39 questions, or roughly 25% of the paper |
| Logical Reasoning | 28-32 questions, or roughly 20% of the paper |
| Quantitative Techniques | 13-17 questions, or roughly 10% of the paper |
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